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紅外線(xian)與夜(ye)視(shi)監(jian)控產品(pin)的選擇標準

時間:2018-10-22    來源:本站    瀏(liu)覽:2016次

 


紅外線與(yu)夜視監(jian)控產(chan)品的選(xuan)擇標準-成都安防監(jian)控工程


    紅外線(xian)與夜(ye)(ye)視(shi)監(jian)(jian)控產品的選擇(ze)重(zhong)點在(zai)于系(xi)統的搭配(pei)(pei)完整性,需要周(zhou)全考慮(lv)低照與夜(ye)(ye)視(shi)的主要產品及接口設(she)備,亦即紅外線(xian)燈與攝像機、鏡(jing)(jing)頭、防(fang)護(hu)罩(zhao)、供電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)等的成套性考量。在(zai)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)與施工時(shi),都必須(xu)以低照與夜(ye)(ye)視(shi)為主訴求的監(jian)(jian)控系(xi)統工程(cheng)來(lai)設(she)計,依此考慮(lv)所有器材,才不致出現采(cai)購攝像機、鏡(jing)(jing)頭、防(fang)護(hu)罩(zhao)、電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備后再去考慮(lv)購買紅外線(xian)投射燈等會造成器材間匹配(pei)(pei)及效(xiao)果等方面的問(wen)題。以下是在(zai)采(cai)用相關產品時(shi),所須(xu)遵(zun)循的幾個搭配(pei)(pei)問(wen)題及原則(ze),也(ye)是工程(cheng)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)人員進(jin)行相關產品的施工安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)前置工作(zuo)時(shi)必須(xu)謹守的原則(ze)成都安防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控工程(cheng)。


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    1、注(zhu)意攝(she)像機的(de)口徑尺(chi)寸與通光量


    攝像(xiang)(xiang)機感光(guang)(guang)組(zu)件的口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)尺(chi)寸(cun)已經趨于小(xiao)型化(hua),目(mu)前市(shi)場上的攝像(xiang)(xiang)機口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)尺(chi)寸(cun)大(da)小(xiao)一般從1/1.8”到1/4”,而在感光(guang)(guang)組(zu)件與(yu)鏡頭搭配(pei)時通(tong)光(guang)(guang)量取決(jue)于攝像(xiang)(xiang)機口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)尺(chi)寸(cun),口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)小(xiao)接(jie)受的光(guang)(guang)通(tong)量就少,反之亦然。此外(wai),還需特別注(zhu)意與(yu)鏡頭的搭配(pei)原則,即(ji)焦距數值(zhi)與(yu)光(guang)(guang)圈口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)成反比(bi)(bi)對(dui)應關系,例如4mm光(guang)(guang)圈比(bi)(bi)可(ke)能(neng)為f1.2-1.4,但50mm甚至200mm光(guang)(guang)圈口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)可(ke)能(neng)最大(da)只(zhi)有f1.8-2.2,因(yin)此也(ye)會(hui)影響(xiang)到通(tong)光(guang)(guang)量,相(xiang)應的在搭配(pei)紅外(wai)線(xian)投射時也(ye)會(hui)因(yin)影響(xiang)到成像(xiang)(xiang)距離的畫面亮度(du)成都安防監控工(gong)程(cheng)。


    2、必須選用低照度(du)條件(jian)的(de)攝像機


    攝(she)(she)像(xiang)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)被攝(she)(she)景物的(de)(de)(de)亮度(du)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)值(zhi),攝(she)(she)像(xiang)機(ji)廠家(jia)會給出(chu)不同光圈f值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du),也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)此攝(she)(she)像(xiang)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(也(ye)稱(cheng)靈敏度(du))。若(ruo)選擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)機(ji)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)高于(yu)紅外線投射(she)燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)要(yao)求,紅外線燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)有效距離將受到(dao)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang),令(ling)投射(she)距離變短或(huo)成像(xiang)范圍(wei)不足,導致畫(hua)面中(zhong)心亮點而周邊一片漆黑的(de)(de)(de)不良顯(xian)示效果。因(yin)此攝(she)(she)像(xiang)機(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)真正的(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)攝(she)(she)影(ying)機(ji)對低(di)(di)(di)(di)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)監控是(shi)(shi)(shi)非常(chang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)指標。


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    3、或(huo)可使用黑白攝影機(ji)或(huo)日夜彩色/黑白攝像機(ji)


    除(chu)了攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)機本身具(ju)有低照(zhao)性(xing)能(neng),因感(gan)(gan)(gan)光(guang)組件(jian)CCD具(ju)有很寬(kuan)的(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)應(ying)(ying)光(guang)譜范圍,可感(gan)(gan)(gan)應(ying)(ying)可見光(guang)區域及一定紅外(wai)線光(guang)譜范圍,故可在夜(ye)間完全(quan)無(wu)照(zhao)明的(de)(de)情況下,輔助紅外(wai)光(guang)源使呈現(xian)清(qing)晰(xi)的(de)(de)黑白(bai)(bai)畫面(mian)。而日夜(ye)彩(cai)(cai)色(se)/黑白(bai)(bai)攝(she)影機則能(neng)傳輸(shu)彩(cai)(cai)色(se)信(xin)號(hao),其從CCD感(gan)(gan)(gan)光(guang)組件(jian)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出信(xin)號(hao)中分離出綠(lv)藍(lan)紅三基色(se)視(shi)頻信(xin)號(hao),再合成產生彩(cai)(cai)色(se)電(dian)視(shi)信(xin)號(hao)(彩(cai)(cai)色(se)信(xin)號(hao)只感(gan)(gan)(gan)應(ying)(ying)可見光(guang)光(guang)譜)。隨著影像(xiang)(xiang)技術的(de)(de)進步,已可利(li)用數(shu)字電(dian)路的(de)(de)切換來實(shi)現(xian)日夜(ye)彩(cai)(cai)色(se)/黑白(bai)(bai)攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)機的(de)(de)紅外(wai)線感(gan)(gan)(gan)應(ying)(ying)度優勢成都安防監控工程。


    4、注(zhu)意隱蔽要(yao)求


    巧用屏(ping)蔽技術,使紅外線(xian)照(zhao)明范圍只(zhi)覆蓋需要(yao)保護的建(jian)筑或(huo)設施,避免光(guang)(guang)線(xian)泄出擾民(min)或(huo)造成光(guang)(guang)害。此(ci)外,選(xuan)用光(guang)(guang)敏式(shi)、熱敏式(shi)或(huo)光(guang)(guang)電感應式(shi)照(zhao)明,只(zhi)在(zai)照(zhao)度低于臨界值或(huo)有(you)人過度接近可能發生(sheng)非(fei)法入侵時,啟動(dong)燈光(guang)(guang)開(kai)始警戒。


    5、善(shan)用高速定位紅外線(xian)攝像(xiang)機


    CCD攝(she)影(ying)機日益(yi)小巧,鏡頭也隨(sui)之精巧多(duo)變(bian),已能記憶多(duo)組(zu)伸縮距(ju)與焦(jiao)距(ju)組(zu)合模式。而攝(she)影(ying)機以及鏡頭的輕巧化,使得負載攝(she)影(ying)機的電動云臺更加靈巧,并可預設方位(PTZ,presetIRCamera),其配(pei)合搭載紅外線(xian)攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)機或紅外線(xian)投射燈(deng),并默認(ren)各類觸發裝置,幾乎(hu)可做到(dao)把紅外線(xian)夜視攝(she)影(ying)機“實(shi)時”指向觸發點,擷(xie)取(qu)目標(biao)影(ying)像(xiang)(xiang)。


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    6、攝像機和鏡頭的(de)功(gong)能搭配要求


    攝像(xiang)機(ji)通常都(dou)具(ju)有自(zi)動(dong)(dong)電子快門、AES與自(zi)動(dong)(dong)增益(yi)控制、AGC等(deng)功(gong)能,可輔助夜視(shi)(shi)時(shi)的設(she)定與攝像(xiang)機(ji)條(tiao)件(jian)要求,其中夜視(shi)(shi)要求搭(da)配(pei)的鏡(jing)頭必須(xu)具(ju)備(bei)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)光圈功(gong)能,以做到日夜照度變化下攝像(xiang)機(ji)的自(zi)動(dong)(dong)照度調(diao)適成都(dou)安防監控工程。


    7、攝(she)像機電(dian)源搭(da)配要求


    監控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統前(qian)端設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)要統一設計。其(qi)中紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)線投射(she)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)部(bu)分必須考慮到紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)線燈(deng)(deng)(deng)及紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)線LED的(de)(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流對(dui)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),此外(wai)(wai)(wai)傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)長度(du)也會(hui)對(dui)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓衰減造(zao)成(cheng)影響(xiang)。在(zai)有多個紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)距(ju)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離(li)(li)相差較大時(shi),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)DC12V集中供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)(ke)能導致距(ju)離(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制室(shi)近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高,距(ju)離(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制室(shi)遠的(de)(de)(de)紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低(di)。加(jia)之(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調整上的(de)(de)(de)偏差,可(ke)(ke)能造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)(dian)流阻抗(kang)等問題,使紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)線燈(deng)(deng)(deng)壽命(ming)縮短甚至燒毀。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低(di)的(de)(de)(de)紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)線燈(deng)(deng)(deng)其(qi)發射(she)功率不足,使得投射(she)范圍、距(ju)離(li)(li)及亮度(du)都(dou)(dou)不足,降低(di)了(le)成(cheng)像效(xiao)果(guo)。因此建議盡量(liang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)AC24V交流供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或提供(gong)(gong)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),其(qi)可(ke)(ke)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波動在(zai)AC100V-240V時(shi)保(bao)證輸出穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),保(bao)證了(le)紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)線燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)運行穩定(ding)成(cheng)都(dou)(dou)安防監控(kong)(kong)(kong)工程。