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監控(kong)(kong)工程(cheng)解決方案(an):監控(kong)(kong)工程(cheng)結構(gou)分類(lei)
時間:2018-05-24 來(lai)源:本站 瀏覽:2415次
監控工程解決方案:監控工程結構分類
一、組成
通常,一(yi)個(ge)標準的視頻監控系統(tong)由五大部分(fen)組成(cheng):視頻采(cai)集系統(tong)、視頻傳輸(shu)系統(tong)、視頻切換管理系統(tong)、視頻顯示系統(tong)和視頻錄像(xiang)系統(tong)。
視(shi)頻(pin)采(cai)集系統(tong)主要是完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)(dui)前端(duan)(duan)圖(tu)像信(xin)(xin)號的(de)(de)獲取;視(shi)頻(pin)傳輸控制(zhi)系統(tong)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)(dui)前端(duan)(duan)圖(tu)像信(xin)(xin)號的(de)(de)傳送和(he)控制(zhi)通信(xin)(xin);視(shi)頻(pin)切(qie)換管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)(dui)圖(tu)像信(xin)(xin)號的(de)(de)切(qie)換控制(zhi)和(he)資源分(fen)配;視(shi)頻(pin)顯示系統(tong)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)(dui)前端(duan)(duan)圖(tu)像信(xin)(xin)號的(de)(de)終端(duan)(duan)設備(bei)輸出(chu);視(shi)頻(pin)錄(lu)像系統(tong)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)(dui)前端(duan)(duan)圖(tu)像信(xin)(xin)號的(de)(de)長延時存儲(chu)和(he)回放。
在系(xi)(xi)統(tong)工程中,良好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)視(shi)頻傳(chuan)(chuan)輸設(she)計是監控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)非常重要的(de)(de)一部分。如果(guo)建設(she)一套好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),選用的(de)(de)攝像(xiang)機、鏡頭(tou)(tou)、監視(shi)器(qi)、錄像(xiang)機都是高指標、高籠(long)-質(zhi)的(de)(de),但(dan)是若(ruo)沒有良好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸系(xi)(xi)統(tong),最終在監視(shi)器(qi)上看到(dao)的(de)(de)圖(tu)像(xiang)將(jiang)無法令人(ren)滿意。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)設(she)計和安(an)裝人(ren)員必須根據實際需要選擇合適的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸方(fang)式、高質(zhi)量的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸介(jie)質(zhi)、專用連(lian)接頭(tou)(tou)和設(she)備,并按(an)專業標準進行安(an)裝,才能達到(dao)理想的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸效果(guo)。
二、分類
在安防監(jian)控行(xing)業中的(de)前端攝像(xiang)機(ji)(ji)有傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)模擬攝像(xiang)機(ji)(ji)和(he)網(wang)絡攝像(xiang)機(ji)(ji)兩種,但(dan)用來(lai)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)圖像(xiang)信號的(de)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)有很多,主要有是雙絞(jiao)線(xian)、光(guang)纖和(he)無線(xian),對(dui)應的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)設(she)備分(fen)別是雙絞(jiao)線(xian)視頻傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)設(she)備、光(guang)端機(ji)(ji)和(he)無線(xian)網(wang)橋(qiao)。下(xia)面就淺(qian)析(xi)一下(xia)目前監(jian)控系統(tong)(tong)使用最(zui)廣的(de)三種傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的(de)性能(neng)優勢(shi)。
1、雙絞線傳輸
雙絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)最大可以(yi)達到2400米(mi),其價格(ge)便宜(yi)且接入方便,抗干擾能力也(ye)不(bu)(bu)錯,采用(yong)PoE供(gong)電還可以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)綜合(he)布線的(de)(de)任(ren)務量。但由于(yu)(yu)雙絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線材質本身(shen)的(de)(de)限制(zhi)(zhi),它不(bu)(bu)抗老化(hua),不(bu)(bu)能在條件比(bi)較惡(e)劣的(de)(de)地方傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu),如(ru)野外或(huo)者(zhe)化(hua)工廠等,并且它一(yi)(yi)次只能傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)路圖像,故不(bu)(bu)大適合(he)大中(zhong)型(xing)監(jian)(jian)控,同時傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)距離也(ye)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)限制(zhi)(zhi)。雙絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)比(bi)較適合(he)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)短距離、攝(she)(she)像機點位相對比(bi)較分(fen)散不(bu)(bu)是很多(duo)或(huo)者(zhe)點位較近但比(bi)較集中(zhong)的(de)(de)環境(jing)下的(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)攝(she)(she)像機的(de)(de)視頻監(jian)(jian)控,如(ru)銀行(xing)、連(lian)鎖酒店、超(chao)市或(huo)者(zhe)大學(xue)校園(yuan)等。
2、光纖傳輸
采(cai)用光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)圖(tu)像信號(hao)是(shi)(shi)解決長距離(li)(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)最佳方式。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)最遠(yuan)可(ke)達到幾十(shi)甚(shen)至一百多公(gong)里,它(ta)(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)把(ba)視(shi)(shi)頻及(ji)(ji)控制(zhi)信號(hao)轉換為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號(hao)在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)中(zhong)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu),其優點是(shi)(shi):傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)距離(li)(li)遠(yuan)、速率高、帶寬大、衰減小、抗(kang)干(gan)擾(rao)性能(neng)(neng)非常好,適(shi)合遠(yuan)距離(li)(li)和大型視(shi)(shi)頻傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu),如道(dao)路十(shi)字(zi)路口監控等。采(cai)用光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)設備主要為視(shi)(shi)頻光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機與光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)收(shou)發(fa)器,視(shi)(shi)頻光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機主要應用在模(mo)擬攝像機的(de)信號(hao)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)上,它(ta)(ta)(ta)信號(hao)損耗小,噪波與失真小,傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)質量高,適(shi)合遠(yuan)距離(li)(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)送。目前(qian)監控光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機可(ke)以將(jiang)圖(tu)像、數(shu)據以及(ji)(ji)語(yu)音等信號(hao)無中(zhong)繼傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)100公(gong)里,其次它(ta)(ta)(ta)抗(kang)干(gan)擾(rao)能(neng)(neng)力強(qiang),對于雷擊、電(dian)磁(ci)輻射它(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)受(shou)影響,這是(shi)(shi)同軸電(dian)纜傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)和雙(shuang)絞線傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)所不(bu)具備的(de)。
3、傳輸頻帶寬
理論可(ke)(ke)達30億兆(zhao)赫,通訊容量大,非(fei)常(chang)適合視(shi)(shi)頻信(xin)號(hao)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸。一(yi)(yi)個視(shi)(shi)頻光端(duan)機(ji)可(ke)(ke)以同(tong)時接入多組模擬視(shi)(shi)頻信(xin)號(hao),它(ta)適合多路復用的傳(chuan)(chuan)輸,目前(qian)監(jian)控光端(duan)機(ji)可(ke)(ke)實現在一(yi)(yi)芯光纖上同(tong)時傳(chuan)(chuan)輸128路實時非(fei)壓縮廣播級圖像,并且視(shi)(shi)頻光端(duan)機(ji)不僅可(ke)(ke)以傳(chuan)(chuan)輸視(shi)(shi)頻信(xin)號(hao),同(tong)時還可(ke)(ke)以傳(chuan)(chuan)輸音頻信(xin)號(hao)。光纖收發器適合網(wang)絡攝像機(ji)的信(xin)號(hao)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸,同(tong)樣它(ta)也(ye)具有視(shi)(shi)頻光端(duan)機(ji)的傳(chuan)(chuan)輸距離遠、損耗小、抗干(gan)擾能力強等優(you)點。
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