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監控(kong)工程(cheng)安(an)(an)裝:解說在電(dian)梯中安(an)(an)裝攝像機(ji)的四(si)大要(yao)素
時間:2018-07-19 來源:本站 瀏(liu)覽:1941次
監(jian)控工程安裝:解說在(zai)電梯中(zhong)安裝攝(she)像機(ji)的四大要素
一(yi)、掌握常用同軸(zhou)電纜類型及(ji)特(te)點。
1、電(dian)梯安裝攝像機應考(kao)慮傳輸(shu)衰減:當樓層很高(gao),距離監(jian)控中(zhong)心又較遠的情況(kuang)下,應慎重考(kao)慮傳輸(shu)衰減問題。
2、電梯安裝攝(she)像(xiang)機應關(guan)注高(gao)頻(pin)衰(shuai)減(jian):低頻(pin)成分(fen)的亮度(du)/對比度(du)衰(shuai)減(jian)容易發現(xian)和(he)解決,電纜最重要的傳輸特性就是頻(pin)率越高(gao)衰(shuai)減(jian)越大,高(gao)頻(pin)衰(shuai)減(jian)主要影響清晰度(du)和(he)分(fen)辨率。
3、電梯安裝攝像機(ji)應(ying)考慮電纜(lan)壽命(ming):軟性電纜(lan)優于(yu)普通電纜(lan),細纜(lan)優于(yu)粗(cu)纜(lan)。
二、干(gan)擾產(chan)生(sheng)原理簡介。
1、電(dian)梯井內通常布置了動(dong)力、照明、風扇(shan)、控制、通信等線(xian)(xian)纜(lan),各種(zhong)電(dian)纜(lan)都(dou)會產生電(dian)磁輻射。與天線(xian)(xian)接收原理相同,同軸電(dian)纜(lan)也(ye)會“接收”這(zhe)些干擾(rao),即干擾(rao)電(dian)磁場在(zai)電(dian)纜(lan)上(shang)產生干擾(rao)感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)流(liu),這(zhe)個干擾(rao)感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)流(liu)也(ye)就會在(zai)電(dian)纜(lan)外導體(編織網(wang))縱向電(dian)阻上(shang)產生干擾(rao)感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)壓(電(dian)動(dong)勢),這(zhe)個干擾(rao)感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)壓剛好串聯(lian)在(zai)視頻(pin)信號(hao)傳輸回路長(chang)長(chang)的地(di)線(xian)(xian)中(zhong),形成干擾(rao)。
2、電(dian)梯安裝(zhuang)攝(she)像機更重要的(de)(de)(de)是這(zhe)些隨(sui)行電(dian)纜都是與視頻電(dian)纜并(bing)行,且近距(ju)離捆扎在一起。這(zhe)就(jiu)形成了(le)接近最佳最有效的(de)(de)(de)干擾(rao)耦合關系。在一般工程中可以采用穿金屬管或走金屬槽的(de)(de)(de)屏蔽干擾(rao)辦法(fa),但(dan)在電(dian)梯隨(sui)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)環境中,這(zhe)種方法(fa)無能(neng)(neng)為力。所(suo)以電(dian)梯環境下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)抗干擾(rao)難度很大,只能(neng)(neng)選擇較好的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)和施工方法(fa);
3、電梯(ti)安裝(zhuang)攝像機要(yao)了(le)解干(gan)擾產生基本原理,對(dui)完善抗干(gan)擾設計和施(shi)工十分(fen)重要(yao)。
三(san)、常用銅軸(zhou)電纜傳輸(shu)方案的抗干擾措施。
常用(yong)銅軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan):不管是(shi)(shi)多層(ceng)高(gao)(gao)編銅編網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、“鋁(lv)箔(bo)(bo)-編網(wang)”的雙屏(ping)蔽(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、還是(shi)(shi)“鋁(lv)箔(bo)(bo)-編網(wang)--鋁(lv)箔(bo)(bo)-編網(wang)”的四屏(ping)蔽(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣上都屬(shu)于(yu)一個屏(ping)蔽(bi)層(ceng)。干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)感應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),都是(shi)(shi)直接串(chuan)聯在視(shi)頻信號(hao)傳輸回路中。只是(shi)(shi)多層(ceng)高(gao)(gao)編電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的外(wai)導體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)小,形成的干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)感應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也相對(dui)較低(di)一些。這對(dui)抗(kang)低(di)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)等有(you)一定效(xiao)(xiao)果(幾十kHz以下的干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao))。但對(dui)高(gao)(gao)頻干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao),由于(yu)“趨膚效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”,高(gao)(gao)頻阻(zu)(zu)抗(kang)與(yu)低(di)編電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)相同,抗(kang)干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)效(xiao)(xiao)果也基本一樣;所以應(ying)(ying)該清醒看(kan)到:高(gao)(gao)編電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)只有(you)適當降低(di)低(di)頻干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)的作(zuo)用(yong),防(fang)強干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)和高(gao)(gao)頻干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)還是(shi)(shi)無能為力。
1、抗干擾(rao)同(tong)(tong)軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)(shi)一種“雙絕緣雙屏(ping)蔽的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)”,其(qi)里面的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)線、絕緣層(ceng)(ceng)、屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)(ceng)仍然(ran)是(shi)(shi)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)75歐姆電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),沒有(you)區別。不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),在(zai)原來(lai)屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)(ceng)外,又(you)增加(jia)了第二(er)絕緣層(ceng)(ceng)和第二(er)屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)(ceng),外面再加(jia)上(shang)(shang)護套(tao)。從上(shang)(shang)面干擾(rao)產生(sheng)原理分析已(yi)經知道,干擾(rao)在(zai)傳統同(tong)(tong)軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)外層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)(shang)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),串聯在(zai)視(shi)頻信(xin)(xin)號(hao)傳輸(shu)回路(lu)”長(chang)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)地線”中,從而形(xing)成干擾(rao)的(de)(de)(de)。但采(cai)用(yong)抗干擾(rao)同(tong)(tong)軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)后,情(qing)況有(you)了質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化:干擾(rao)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只能(neng)形(xing)成在(zai)“第二(er)屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)(ceng)”上(shang)(shang),并由里面的(de)(de)(de)“第二(er)絕緣層(ceng)(ceng)”把(ba)(ba)它與視(shi)頻信(xin)(xin)號(hao)傳輸(shu)回路(lu)長(chang)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)地線絕緣隔離開,把(ba)(ba)干擾(rao)排除在(zai)視(shi)頻信(xin)(xin)號(hao)傳輸(shu)回路(lu)之外,達(da)到抗干擾(rao)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。
2、抗(kang)干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)同軸(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的特性(xing)(xing),對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯環境下(xia)的超強(qiang)低頻動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)源干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao),電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao),變頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao),控(kong)制信號(hao)干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)等幾十(shi)千(qian)赫以(yi)下(xia)的干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao),抗(kang)干(gan)(gan)擾(rao)(rao)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)十(shi)分(fen)突(tu)出。
3、在傳(chuan)輸線路(lu)較長的(de)工程設計中(zhong),建(jian)議采用雙(shuang)絕緣雙(shuang)屏蔽(bi)的(de)同軸(zhou)電纜(lan)。